人人應有機會做一份穩妥和正當的工作，不會受到不公義的歧視，且在自由創業和公平薪酬方面，受到尊重。

513. 工作對人有何意義？

工作對人來說是一項權利與義務，藉著工作人與造物主合作。在勤奮和有效率的工作中，人實現銘刻於其本性的潛能，以造物主的恩賜及天賦的才能，光榮造物主，維持自己及家人的生活，並為人群服務。此外，藉著天主的恩寵，工作可成為聖化及與基督合作拯救別人的方法。

514. 人人有怎樣的工作權利？

人人應有機會做一份穩妥和正當的工作，不會受到不公義的歧視，且在自由創業和公平薪酬方面，受到尊重。

515. 國家在就業上有何責任？

國家有責為個人自由和私有財產提供確實的保障；穩定的幣制，以及有效率的公共服務；監視、督導經濟方面人權的實行狀況。國家還應按照環境，協助國民就業。

516. 企業負責人有什麼本份？

企業負責人應承擔他們的業務對社會應負的經濟與環保的責任。他們應考慮到人群的福祉，而不應只顧利潤的增加，雖然利潤也是必要的，以保障投資、企業的前途、就業和經濟活動的順利進展。

517. 工人有什麼本份？

工人應認真、稱職和勤奮地完成他們的工作，設法以對話來解決可能有的糾紛。當非暴力的罷工，為得到相稱的好處是必需的辦法，同時又考慮到公益時，在道德上是合法的。


來源：《天主教教理簡編》
http://dcc.catholic.org.hk/Testing/CCCC.htm


513. What is the meaning of work?

Work is both a duty and a right through which human beings collaborate with God the Creator. Indeed, by working with commitment and competence we fulfil the potential inscribed in our nature, honor the Creator’s gifts and the talents received from him, provide for ourselves and for our families, and serve the human community. Furthermore, by the grace of God, work can be a means of sanctification and collaboration with Christ for the salvation of others.

514. To what type of work does every person have a right?

Access to secure and honest employment must be open to all without unjust discrimination and with respect for free economic initiative and fair compensation.

515. What responsibility does the State have in regard to labor?

It is the role of the State to guarantee individual freedom and private property, as well as a stable currency and efficient public services. It is also the State’s responsibility to oversee and direct the exercise of human rights in the economic sector. According to circumstances, society must help citizens to find work.

516. What is the task of business management?

Business managers are responsible for the economic and ecological effects of their operations. They must consider the good of persons and not only the increase of profits, even though profits are necessary to assure investments, the future of the business, employment, and the good progress of economic life.

517. What are the duties of workers?

They must carry out their work in a conscientious way with competence and dedication, seeking to resolve any controversies with dialogue. Recourse to a non-violent strike is morally legitimate when it appears to be the necessary way to obtain a proportionate benefit and it takes into account the common good.


source: Compendium OF THE CATECHISM OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
http://www.vatican.va/archive/compendium_ccc/documents/archive_2005_compendium-ccc_en.html

教會的社會訓導，是按福音有關人性尊嚴及其社會特性所啟示的真理，有系統地發展而來的，提供反省的原則，指出判斷的標準，提供行動的規範和方向。

509. 教會的社會訓導的內容是什麼？

教會的社會訓導，是按福音有關人性尊嚴及其社會特性所啟示的真理，有系統地發展而來的，提供反省的原則，指出判斷的標準，提供行動的規範和方向。

510. 教會何時介入社會事務？

在人的基本權利、公益或人靈得救要求時，教會便介入社會及經濟事務，發表其道德的論斷。

511. 應如何從事社會及經濟活動？

社會及經濟活動固然應以自己的方法從事，但也應在道德範圍內，為全人並為全體人類服務，並應尊重社會正義。這活動應以人為其創作者、中心和目的。

512. 什麼事有違教會的社會訓導？

那些犧牲個人及社團的基本權利，或以獲利為唯一規則或最終目的的經濟和社會體系，都有違教會的社會訓導。為此，教會在現代已揚棄那與「共產主義」或「社會主義」有連帶關係的無神主義及極權主義。此外，對資本主義的實行，教會也反對個人主義，以及把市場的法則視為比人的工作更重要的做法。


來源：《天主教教理簡編》
http://dcc.catholic.org.hk/Testing/CCCC.htm


509. What is the content of the social doctrine of the Church?

The social doctrine of the Church is an organic development of the truth of the Gospel about the dignity of the human person and his social dimension offering principles for reflection, criteria for judgment, and norms and guidelines for action.

510. When does the Church intervene in social areas?

The Church intervenes by making a moral judgment about economic and social matters when the fundamental rights of the person, the common good, or the salvation of souls requires it.

511. How should social and economic life be pursued?

It should be pursued according to its own proper methods within the sphere of the moral order, at the service of the whole human being and of the entire human community in keeping with social justice. Social and economic life should have the human person as its author, center, and goal.

512. What would be opposed to the social doctrine of the Church?

Opposed to the social doctrine of the Church are economic and social systems that sacrifice the basic rights of persons or that make profit their exclusive norm or ultimate end. For this reason the Church rejects the ideologies associated in modern times with Communism or with atheistic and totalitarian forms of socialism. But in the practice of capitalism the Church also rejects self centered individualism and an absolute primacy of the laws of the marketplace over human labor.


source: Compendium OF THE CATECHISM OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
http://www.vatican.va/archive/compendium_ccc/documents/archive_2005_compendium-ccc_en.html

如果執政當局的命令違背道德的要求，公民憑良心有責任不去順從。

463. 在公民社會各方面應如何執行權力？

執行權力應視為一種服務，要尊重人的基本權利、正確的價值等級、法治、分配的正義和輔助性的原則。執行權力的人，必須尋求公益而非己益，應依照有關天主、人和世界的真理所得到的啟發，來作決定。

464. 公民對政府有何本份？

服從權威的人，應視他們的上司如同天主的代表，給予他們忠誠的合作，以達致公共和社會生活的順利發展。這包括愛國及服務國家、選舉的權利和義務、納稅、保衛國家和作建設性批評的權利。

465. 公民何時不該服從政府？

如果執政當局的命令違背道德的要求，公民憑良心有責任不去順從。「聽天主的命勝過聽人的命」(宗5:29)。


來源：《天主教教理簡編》
http://dcc.catholic.org.hk/Testing/CCCC.htm


463. How should authority be exercised in the various spheres of civil society?

Authority should always be exercised as a service, respecting fundamental human rights, a just hierarchy of values, laws, distributive justice, and the principle of subsidiarity. All those who exercise authority should seek the interests of the community before their own interest and allow their decisions to be inspired by the truth about God, about man and about the world.

464. What are the duties of citizens in regard to civil authorities?

Those subject to authority should regard those in authority as representatives of God and offer their loyal collaboration for the right functioning of public and social life. This collaboration includes love and service of one's homeland, the right and duty to vote, payment of taxes, the defense of one's country, and the right to exercise constructive criticism.

465. When is a citizen forbidden to obey civil authorities?

A citizen is obliged in conscience not to obey the laws of civil authorities when they are contrary to the demands of the moral order: “We must obey God rather than men” (Acts of the Apostles 5:29).


source: Compendium OF THE CATECHISM OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
http://www.vatican.va/archive/compendium_ccc/documents/archive_2005_compendium-ccc_en.html

存在著經濟上和社會上邪惡的不平等，打擊著千千萬萬的人；這種不平等公開地違反福音，違反社會正義及人位格的尊嚴，並且違反和平。

411. 社會如何能保證社會正義？

當社會尊重人的尊嚴和權利，亦即它的最終目標時，才能保證社會正義。此外，當社會實現某些條件，容許社團和個人享有他們應得的權利時，才能實現與公益及權力的行使連在一起的社會正義。

412. 人與人之間的平等基於什麼？

人人享有平等的尊嚴和基本權利，因為人人都是依照唯一天主的肖象而受造的，擁有一個相同的有理性的靈魂，有同一本性，出自同一本原，在唯一救主基督內蒙召分享同一天主的真福。

413. 應如何審斷人與人之間的不平等？

存在著經濟上和社會上邪惡的不平等，打擊著千千萬萬的人；這種不平等公開地違反福音，違反社會正義及人位格的尊嚴，並且違反和平。但亦有些人與人之間的差異，是由不同的因素構成，且屬天主的計畫內。祂願意每個人從他人得到他所需要的，而享有某些特殊「才能」的人，要與別人分享。這些差異鼓勵且屢次要求人們慷慨大量，宅心仁厚，樂意分施，促使各文化彼此豐富充實。

414. 應如何表現人類的連帶責任？

連帶責任源自人類間和基督徒之弟兄情誼，尤其表現於財富的公平分配，平等的工作酬勞，以及致力於一個更正義的社會秩序。連帶責任這個德行使我們分享屬靈的財富，更甚於物質的財富。


來源：《天主教教理簡編》
http://dcc.catholic.org.hk/Testing/CCCC.htm


411. How does society ensure social justice?

Society ensures social justice when it respects the dignity and the rights of the person as the proper end of society itself. Furthermore, society pursues social justice, which is linked to the common good and to the exercise of authority, when it provides the conditions that allow associations and individuals to obtain what is their due.

412. On what is human equality based?

All persons enjoy equal dignity and fundamental rights insofar as they are created in the image of the one God, are endowed with the same rational soul, have the same nature and origin, and are called in Christ, the one and only Savior, to the same divine beatitude.

413. How are we to view social inequalities?

There are sinful social and economic inequalities which affect millions of human beings. These inequalities are in open contradiction to the Gospel and are contrary to justice, to the dignity of persons, and to peace. There are , however, differences among people caused by various factors which enter into the plan of God. Indeed, God wills that each might receive what he or she needs from others and that those endowed with particular talents should share them with others. Such differences encourage and often oblige people to the practice of generosity, kindness and the sharing of goods. They also foster the mutual enrichment of cultures.

414. How is human solidarity manifested?

Solidarity, which springs from human and Christian brotherhood, is manifested in the first place by the just distribution of goods, by a fair remuneration for work and by zeal for a more just social order. The virtue of solidarity also practices the sharing of the spiritual goods of faith which is even more important than sharing material goods.


source: Compendium OF THE CATECHISM OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
http://www.vatican.va/archive/compendium_ccc/documents/archive_2005_compendium-ccc_en.html

政體應由國民自由抉擇來確定，又應遵守「法治國家」的原則，在法治國家裡法律是無上權威，而非個人獨斷的意願。

405. 社會的權威建基於什麼？

每個人類團體需有合法的權威，以保障法紀的穩定，促進公益。這種權威以人性為基礎，因為它符合由天主所規定的秩序。

406. 怎樣行使的權威才算是合法的？

若權威致力於促進社會的公益，並為達到這目的，使用道德上容許的方法，就是合法地行使了權威。為此政體應由國民自由抉擇來確定，又應遵守「法治國家」的原則，在法治國家裡法律是無上權威，而非個人獨斷的意願。不義的法律或違反道德秩序的方法，都沒有束縛良心的力量。

407. 公益是什麼？

公益一詞是指整個社會生活的條件，容許團體和個人達到自身的完美。

408. 公益包括什麼？

公益包括：對人基本權利的尊重和促進；個人和社會的屬靈及屬世價值的發展；眾人的和平與安全。

409. 公益如何才能得到最圓滿的實現？

當政治團體保衛和促進國民和中間社團的公益，同時又不忽略人類大家庭的普遍公益時，公益才能得到最圓滿的實現。

410. 人如何參與實現公益？

所有的人必須各依其位，各按其職，參與促進公益的工作，尊重公義的法律，並在職務範圍內，負起個人的責任：關懷家人和專心自己的工作。國民還應盡其所能，積極參與公眾生活。


來源：《天主教教理簡編》
http://dcc.catholic.org.hk/Testing/CCCC.htm


405. What is the foundation of the authority of society?

Every human community needs a legitimate authority that preserves order and contributes to the realization of the common good. The foundation of such authority lies in human nature because it corresponds to the order established by God.

406. When is authority exercised in a legitimate way?

Authority is exercised legitimately when it acts for the common good and employs morally licit means to attain it. Therefore, political regimes must be determined by the free decision of their citizens. They should respect the principle of the “rule of law” in which the law, and not the arbitrary will of some, is sovereign. Unjust laws and measures contrary to the moral order are not binding in conscience.

407. What is the common good?

By the common good is meant the sum total of those conditions of social life which allow people as groups and as individuals to reach their proper fulfillment.

408. What is involved in the common good?

The common good involves: respect for and promotion of the fundamental rights of the person, the development of the spiritual and temporal goods of persons and society, and the peace and security of all.

409. Where can one find the most complete realization of the common good?

The most complete realization of the common good is found in those political communities which defend and promote the good of their citizens and of intermediate groups without forgetting the universal good of the entire human family.

410. How does one participate in bringing about the common good?

All men and women according to the place and role that they occupy participate in promoting the common good by respecting just laws and taking charge of the areas for which they have personal responsibility such as the care of their own family and the commitment to their own work. Citizens also should take an active part in public life as far as possible.


source: Compendium OF THE CATECHISM OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
http://www.vatican.va/archive/compendium_ccc/documents/archive_2005_compendium-ccc_en.html

愛德要求並使人能夠實踐正義，在社會誡命中佔著最重要的位置。

401. 人的社會特性在於什麼？

在人的本性和召喚的基本要素中，除了真福的個人召喚外，還有其社會特性。實在，所有的人都為了同一終向，即為了天主本身而被召。天主聖三的結合，和人與人之間應在真理和愛中建立的兄弟手足情誼，有相似之處。愛近人與愛天主是分不開的。

402. 人與社會有什麼關係？

人是且該是所有社會組織的本原、主體及宗旨。某些社會團體，如家庭和國家，是人所需要的。其他組織，不論是國內或是國際層面上的，遵照輔助性的原則，也是十分有用的。

403. 輔助性的原則是什麼？

輔助性原則是指較高層的社會不應剝奪較低層社會的權限，以干預其內部生活，反而應在必要時支持它。

404. 真實的社會生活還有什麼要求？

社會生活必須尊重公義和正確的價值等級，物質和本能的層次應隸屬於內在和精神的層次。尤其在社會風氣為罪惡所腐化的地方，就要呼籲人心的皈依，和懇求天主的恩寵，好能促成社會的改變，使它真實地為每個人和整個的人服務。讓愛德激勵正義的改革。愛德要求並使人能夠實踐正義，在社會誡命中佔著最重要的位置。


來源：《天主教教理簡編》
http://dcc.catholic.org.hk/Testing/CCCC.htm


401. In what does the social dimension of man consist?

Together with the personal call to beatitude, the human person has a communal dimension as an essential component of his nature and vocation. Indeed, all are called to the same end, God himself. There is a certain resemblance between the communion of the divine Persons and the fraternity that people are to establish among themselves in truth and love. Love of neighbor is inseparable from love for God.

402. What is the relationship between the person and society?

The human person is and ought to be the principle, the subject and the end of all social institutions. Certain societies, such as the family and the civic community, are necessary for the human person. Also helpful are other associations on the national and international levels with due respect for the principle of subsidiarity.

403. What is the principle of subsidiarity?

The principle of subsidiarity states that a community of a higher order should not assume the task belonging to a community of a lower order and deprive it of its authority. It should rather support it in case of need.

404. What else is required for an authentic human society?

Authentic human society requires respect for justice, a just hierarchy of values, and the subordination of material and instinctual dimensions to interior and spiritual ones. In particular, where sin has perverted the social climate, it is necessary to call for the conversion of hearts and for the grace of God to obtain social changes that may really serve each person and the whole person. Charity, which requires and makes possible the practice of justice, is the greatest social commandment.


405. What is the foundation of the authority of society?

Every human community needs a legitimate authority that preserves order and contributes to the realization of the common good. The foundation of such authority lies in human nature because it corresponds to the order established by God.

406. When is authority exercised in a legitimate way?

Authority is exercised legitimately when it acts for the common good and employs morally licit means to attain it. Therefore, political regimes must be determined by the free decision of their citizens. They should respect the principle of the “rule of law” in which the law, and not the arbitrary will of some, is sovereign. Unjust laws and measures contrary to the moral order are not binding in conscience.

407. What is the common good?

By the common good is meant the sum total of those conditions of social life which allow people as groups and as individuals to reach their proper fulfillment.

408. What is involved in the common good?

The common good involves: respect for and promotion of the fundamental rights of the person, the development of the spiritual and temporal goods of persons and society, and the peace and security of all.

409. Where can one find the most complete realization of the common good?

The most complete realization of the common good is found in those political communities which defend and promote the good of their citizens and of intermediate groups without forgetting the universal good of the entire human family.

410. How does one participate in bringing about the common good?

All men and women according to the place and role that they occupy participate in promoting the common good by respecting just laws and taking charge of the areas for which they have personal responsibility such as the care of their own family and the commitment to their own work. Citizens also should take an active part in public life as far as possible.


source: Compendium OF THE CATECHISM OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
http://www.vatican.va/archive/compendium_ccc/documents/archive_2005_compendium-ccc_en.html

平信徒分享基督的君王職務，把道德的價值灌注在人類的現世活動和社會的制度中。

188. 平信徒的召叫是甚麼？

平信徒的固有召叫在於尋求天國，依照天主的計畫去光照和處理暫世性的事務。他們這樣實現天主向所有受過洗的人所作的成聖和使徒工作的召叫。

189. 平信徒怎樣參與基督的司祭職務？

他們參與基督的司祭職，尤其在感恩祭中奉獻「因耶穌基督而中悅天主的屬神祭品」(伯前 2:5)，即獻上他們的生活，包括一切活動、祈禱和宗徒事業、家庭生活和日常工作、耐心忍受的種種生活考驗和身心的休閒。獻身於基督及被聖神所聖化的平信徒，以這方式把世界奉獻給天主。

190. 平信徒怎樣參與基督的先知職務？

平信徒分享基督的先知職，不斷以信德接受基督的聖言，並透過生活的見證，以言語、福傳工作和教理講授，向世界宣講基督的聖言。這種福傳工作具有一種特殊的效力，因為它是在世俗的普通環境中完成的。

191. 平信徒怎樣參與基督的君王職務？

平信徒分享基督的君王職務，由基督獲得了權能，以克己和聖德的生活，在自己身上和世界中戰勝罪惡。他們執行不同的職務，為團體服務，把道德的價值灌注在人類的現世活動和社會的制度中。

來源：《天主教教理簡編》

http://dcc.catholic.org.hk/Testing/CCCC.htm

188. What is the vocation of the lay faithful?

The lay faithful have as their own vocation to seek the Kingdom of God by illuminating and ordering temporal affairs according to the plan of God. They carry out in this way their call to holiness and to the apostolate, a call given to all the baptized.

189. How do the lay faithful participate in the priestly office of Christ?

They participate in it especially in the Eucharist by offering as a spiritual sacrifice “acceptable to God through Jesus Christ” (1 Peter 2:5) their own lives with all of their works, their prayers, their apostolic undertakings, their family life, their daily work and hardships borne with patience and even their consolations of spirit and body. In this way, even the laity, dedicated to Christ and consecrated by the Holy Spirit, offer to God the world itself.

190. How does the laity participate in the prophetic office?

They participate in it by welcoming evermore in faith the Word of Christ and proclaiming it to the world by the witness of their lives, their words, their evangelizing action, and by catechesis. This evangelizing action acquires a particular efficacy because it is accomplished in the ordinary circumstances of the world.

191. How do they participate in the kingly office?

The laity participate in the kingly function of Christ because they have received from him the power to overcome sin in themselves and in the world by self-denial and the holiness of their lives. They exercise various ministries at the service of the community and they imbue temporal activities and the institutions of society with moral values.


source: Compendium OF THE CATECHISM OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
http://www.vatican.va/archive/compendium_ccc/documents/archive_2005_compendium-ccc_en.html